Struggling with IGCSE’s directed writing task? You’re not alone. Many students find it challenging because it requires you to analyze texts, build arguments, and write persuasively, all within strict time limits. But don’t worry! This guide breaks down the process into simple, actionable steps to help you craft strong argumentative pieces, whether it’s a letter, article, or speech.
Understanding the Task
Question 1 presents you with two texts discussing the same issue and asks you to write an evaluative argument in one of these formats:
- Formal/informal letter
- Newspaper/magazine article
- Speech
The key is to engage with both sides of the issue before developing your own stance. Here’s how to tackle it systematically:
Step 1: Identify the Core Issue
Start by pinpointing the central topic discussed in both texts. For example:
“Should schools implement a four-day week?” or “Is social media harmful to teenagers?”
Pro Tip: Underline key phrases in the texts that highlight this main question. This becomes your writing focus.
Step 2: Map Out Both Sides of the Argument
Every issue has at least two perspectives. Create a simple T-chart in your draft:
Side 1: For (Yes)
Side 2: Against (No)
Step 3: Extract and Paraphrase Evidence
Carefully analyze both texts to identify three key supporting points for each perspective. Remember to rephrase the ideas in your own words rather than copying directly from the passages. This demonstrates your understanding and avoids plagiarism.
For instance, if the texts examine the use of AI in education:
Supporting AI in classrooms:
- Adapts to individual learning styles and paces
- Automates time-consuming grading and administrative duties
- Develops students’ technological literacy for future careers
Opposing AI in classrooms:
- Limits face-to-face interaction between teachers and students
- Raises ethical questions about data privacy and security
- Potentially discourages independent problem-solving skills
When paraphrasing:
- Maintain the original meaning while changing the wording
- Keep points concise but clear
- Ensure each point directly relates to the central issue
This step creates the foundation for your argument by organizing the key ideas from both perspectives before you develop your own position.
Step 4: Choose Your Stance and Counter Opposing Views
Now, pick which side you’ll argue for. Let’s say you choose “For AI in classrooms.”
Your essay must:
- Develop your three main points with explanations/examples
- Counter the opposing arguments
Example of countering:
“While critics argue AI reduces human interaction, studies show it actually frees up teachers’ time for more meaningful student engagement.”
Step 5: Structure Your Response
Use this foolproof framework:
- Introduction
- State the issue clearly
- Briefly mention there are differing views
- Present your thesis (“This essay argues that AI benefits classrooms because…”)
- Body Paragraphs (3-4 paragraphs)
- Each paragraph develops one of your main points
- Include one counter-argument paragraph addressing the strongest opposing view
- Conclusion
- Restate your position
- End with a strong final thought (call to action, prediction, or impactful statement)
A Quick Guide to Letters vs Speeches vs Articles
Each text type requires slightly different approaches in tone, structure, and persuasive techniques. Here’s what you need to know:
1. Letters (Formal/Informal)
Structure:
- Salutation (Dear Editor/Dear Principal [formal] or Hi Mom [informal])
- Clear introduction stating purpose
- Body paragraphs presenting arguments
- Conclusion with call to action/final thought
- Sign-off (Yours sincerely [formal] / Best wishes [informal])
Key Features:
- More personal tone (adjust formality based on recipient)
- Can use “I” and “you” frequently
- Often includes direct appeals (“I urge you to consider…”)
- Typically shorter paragraphs than articles
2. Speeches
Structure:
- Greeting (Ladies and gentlemen/Honored guests)
- Engaging hook (question, startling fact, anecdote)
- Clear thesis statement
- Body paragraphs with rhetorical devices
- Powerful conclusion with memorable final line
Key Features:
- Conversational but persuasive tone
- Uses rhetorical questions (“Have we forgotten…?”)
- Includes repetition for emphasis (“We must act. We must change. We must…”)
- Employs inclusive language (“Together, we can…”)
- More emotional appeal than other formats
- Short, impactful sentences
3. Articles (Newspaper/Magazine)
Structure:
- Attention-grabbing headline
- Byline (By [Your Name])
- Engaging introduction (statistic, quote, scenario)
- Balanced arguments (even when taking a side)
- Conclusion with thought-provoking ending
Key Features:
- Most formal of the three formats
- Third-person preferred (though some first-person allowed)
- Uses facts, statistics, expert quotes
- Subheadings sometimes appropriate
- More objective tone (even when arguing a position)
- Generally longer paragraphs than letters/speeches
Remember, the examiner wants to see clear reasoning, textual engagement, and persuasive writing, not just your opinion. By following these steps, you’ll build well-structured arguments that stand out.
Learning the All Round Way:
If you find yourself needing more guidance, we invite you to connect with us at All Round Education Academy. Our dedicated team is here to support you in achieving your academic goals. For more information, please contact us at tuition@allround-edu.com or +852 6348 8744.